Explain the origins of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war Essay

Explain the origins of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war - Essay Example The Crusades soon followed. After the Crusades, again the area came under the Egyptians and Ottomans. This was followed by the emigration of the Arabs and Jews. There were some Jews still living there back then, but they were mostly treated as second class citizens. The Turkish Empire did bring some reorganization. There was immigration of both Arabs and Jews and by 1880; about 24000 Jews were living there. However, various Muslims from other parts of the world especially Ottoman Empire began to come into Palestine. In a way, during the 19th century, the area was mostly occupied by Muslims with Jews as the areas biggest minority. (Mideastweb.org) However, during these times of misadministration, there were some antagonist feelings that were developing. Originally, the term Zionism is the biblical word â€Å"Zion†, and it is synonymous to Jerusalem and Israel. However the ideology is the yearning for the Home Land for the Jews according to Neuberger (1999). Even when the Jews had been forced into exile, these Jews kept returning to the Holy Land. Various sources state that Palestine remained the center of Jewish worship and a part of the Jewish culture. However, the truth about Zionism is that it is not a religious movement, but more of a nationalist movement. The actual Zionist movement did start in the 19th century. The French revolution had led to the emancipation of European Jews. The more abstract idea of divine providence to the recapture of the Holy Land was refuted by Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer who said human endeavor was required to colonize the Holy Land for the Jews as stated by Brenner (2002). Kalischer als o recounted the events of the Europeans which had led to their freedom, and he urged the Jews to follow that example. In a way, the brutal treatment of the Jews by almost every European nation led to the feelings of Zion. Zionist socialism was organized by Moses Hess

History of the Manhattan Project Research Paper

History of the Manhattan Project - Research Paper Example This paper examines the Manhattan project which led to the creation of the atomic bomb. The paper would evaluate the detailed history of the Manhattan project. It would also include an in-depth assessment of the role the Manhattan project in World War II and the effects it created. In 1938, German scientists discovered that if your bombarded elements of uranium with neutrons, you would split the nucleus of the atom and this could create enormous heat anneutronst1. The Germans called this nuclear fission because it was similar to the split of asexual organisms in their reproduction process. Prior to that era, scientists in Europe had collaborated freely with no signs of hostility. The various scholars collaborated in cities like Cambridge, Rome and Berlin where they shared ideas and views on inventions and new ways of improving science. However, the rise of Nazism and Fascism split Europe and put the Jewish population of physicists and scientists in danger. In the 1930s and 1940s, many of these Jewish scientists fled Germany and parts of Europe due to the inimical ideologies that sought to annihilate the Jewish people. Most of these scientists ended up in the United States of America. A notable example is Albert Einstein who got himself a job in the Princeton University. In the 1930s, theoretical Physics was like an esoteric science which was known by a handful of people2. Thus, most scientists doubted the power of nuclear fusion and the possibility of splitting uranium atoms to create powerful bombs. However, Hungarian-born physicist, Leo Szilard knew of the German attempts to develop the atomic bomb. He organized two other Jewish-European migrants to discuss the threat. Szilard made it clear that Hitlers acquisition of the atomic bomb could make him the winner of a war between Germany and the free world. Szilard and his colleagues asked Einstein to intervene in the matter.