Healthy Nutrition for a Child

Healthy Nutrition for a ChildHealth Intervention PlanA) Brief sum-up of concerns astir(predicate) the infants wellness and well- universe.An overview of Joshua would conclude that he is essentially a healthy six year white-haired son. Apart from being unsure on an initial encounter, all his interactions and physical indices appear to be within normal limits. There were no obvious concerns about his developmental stage. He appeared to pile appropriately. He lives with both parents and two siblings and communicates appropriately for his age.NutritionNutrition (24 hr recall) Breakfast different cereals corn flakes, coco pops, with fruit apples, bananas. Lunch, also fruit and noodles whatsoever times sandwich of hamburger or cheese. Dinner, vegetable soup, bread roll. expenditure of sugar and fat could be high.Nutrition is a major issue for umteen school churlren. It is not possible to say, as the result of a brief interview with Joshua, whether or not his common diet is a c ause for concern. He clearly is not obese and appears to produce an appropriate weight for his height. One can use his reported 24 hr inhalant as a discussion point. It can be seen that his diet is certainly varied, with fruit, some roughage and some protein (albeit probably processed). There is a suspicion that he has an excessive intake of carbohydrate and fat. If these suspicions build been raised, so it would be sensible to investigate them fully with interviews with the parents to establish whether further empowerment and education of parents and child might be appropriate. (Crisp, J et al. 2005)Sporting strategiesThe report refers to Joshuas sporting ambitions. While there is every merit in encouraging Joshua to indulge in sport for both general fitness and development, one has to consider the possibility of injury and overuse damage that can occur in the pre-pubertal child who over-exercises in the hope of achieving his goal of being a original footballer. One can identi fy the fact that talking about an area of cheer such as sport can give ear to engage the child and break down emf communication barriers, the nurse can also use the opportunity to present and discuss factors which are relevant to the childs health and can be worked into the context of the childs favourite sporting activity.B) Strategies to address no more than two of these health concerns.Nutrition.The key to a changing a childs nutrition is to target the parents. (Hockenberry, M 2005). On one level this may seem all in all obvious, solely there are deeper repercussions to this statement. The implications of this comment will be discussed in the next segment. An appropriate strategy to tackle the puzzle is jumply to define Joshuas diet with a greater degree of certainty to ascertain if a problem actually exists. This could be done in a number of ways. intelligibly one could ask him on a daily basis about his eating habits for that day. This might be reasonably accurate but wou ld be dispiritedly inefficient. A better strategy might be to ask to see the parents and discuss the matter at some length with them. If there was every doubt, then one could ask for a food diary to be kept over a period of two weeks. One would invite to be aware(predicate) that this mechanism is capable of manipulation by the parents, but may leave behind a basis for discussion.The nurse should be able to make a staple fibre assessment of the situation and if there is any doubt then an appointment with the community dietician might help to resolve the problem. In any event, if concerns have been raised, then it is the nurses responsibility to monitor the childs weight and plot it on a centile chart to document any monumental change. Any significant deviations from the normal should suppositionlly be referred to the primary healthcare team.SportsThis is not an easy area in the pre-pubertal child. The evidence presented for Joshua does not invoke any problem. As a discussion p oint however, one can consider the fact that healthcare professionals have to tread a narrow way between encouraging a healthy interest in sport, which can help both body and mind develop properly, and allowing a particular interest in a particular aspect of sport to cause maldevelopment. This latter consideration can either come from a child (who may have some form of associated obsessive illness) or, more frequently from the parents who may have views about pushing the child to achieve. This can have repercussions not only in overuse syndromes, but in psychological issues relating to over-control and overt bullying.An appropriate strategy would be to firstly define the problem with interviews with both the child and their parents. If a problem is believed to exist, then it may simply require advice and guidance for the parents from various healthcare professionals in the primary healthcare team. Specific overuse injuries may require specialized interventions. It has to be noted that this is not a common problem, but if it is defined, then it should be taken seriously as the repercussions may have a significant impact on the childs development.C The use of a wide selection of literature no more than 5 years old, to provide a rationale (justification) for each strategy. You are expected to reference this section.Nutrition.In general terms, the parents (and sometimes the school) are responsible for the provision of an adequate diet for the child, but the literature is full of examples of how maladaptive practices in parents can have quite marked clinical implications for the childs health.A very recent theme by Moestue has studied the link between a childs nutritional status and the parental educational level (Moestue H et al. 2008). The nutritional set that the mother has been brought with up largely determines how she will feed her family. To a large extent this is independent of the familys financial means although the latter may have an adverse impact i f it is very low. (Cochrane S H et al. 2000).Obesity is perhaps the most common form of malnutrition and its incidence in developed countries is increasing at an alarming rate. (Maher E J et al. 2008). It is observed that obese parents tend to have obese children. This linkage may not simply be a genetical predisposition (although there is a strong genetic element) but the feeding habits of the mother (in particular) tend to be perpetuated in the child. (Lobstein T et al. 2004). To successfully tackle potential obesity in childhood has a number of positive effects in adulthood. The child who is obese will tend to be an obese stripling and an obese adult. This will increase the chances of Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and some types of cancer. Reducing the childs BMI to non-obese levels will reduce their dexterity to these eventualities. (Zhu H et al. 2008)In terms of tackling this problem, many authorities point to the fact that empowerment and education of the parents is the key to providing children with good eating habits. (Howe J et al. 2004). If these are launch in childhood then they are more likely to persist throughout life. Such a remit may be beyond a simple intervention from the school nurse, but involvement of the multidisciplinary primary healthcare team may help in this respect.SportThis essay has highlighted the balance ask between a healthy attitude to sport and overindulgence. Although the latter is unusual in this age group, when it happens it can have severe consequences. (Brenner J S, 2007). The reason wherefore this is a particular problem in this age group is the fact that the pre-pubertal child has bones and ligaments which are still growing, as such they cannot handle as much stress as adult bones. Children can get injuries which do not occur in adult life. The growing ends of bone (the ephyisis) can wrick detached or distorted resulting in abnormal growth. (OKeefe L, 2007). The commonest source of such problems in thi s age group is parental pressure and expectation. Some parents have alone unrealistic expectations for their children. Others simply want to let the child have opportunities that perhaps they never had and, however misguidedly, push them too hard into sporting activities.The healthcare professional has to be careful not to allow concerns relating to overuse problems to completely dissuade children from sporting activities. Some degree of physical exercise is vital, not only for the childs physical development, but also to develop habits which are essential for health in future life. (Allender S et al. 2008). This is particularly important in the child who is overweight and who, if this overweight is maintained into adult life, would be at greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (Hillsdon M et al. 2005).Sports participation also back up development in a number of other, more subtle ways. It can encourage the ability to work in a team and also encourages self-reliance. competito ry instincts can also be developed with participation in many sporting activities. (Powell K E et al. 2006)Appendix 1Childs first name Joshua Age Six Years School Fisk Street Primary School Gender MalePHYSICAL ASSESSMENT Height 121 Weight 22 BMI 15.2 Temperature 36.8 Pulse 102 respiration 28 Oral health All teeth are in good condition. How could you tell? What was the state of the gums? DEVELOPMENT Speech He spoke very clearly/ but at the beginning he was shy and this is normal in his age. Was the voice hoarse, loud or soft? interaction with the assessor Good level of interaction with assessor. HEALTH HISTORY Sleep pattern There are no sleep problems indicated. He sleeps from 830 pm to 600am Sports / Physical Activities On the weekend and some time after school activities are Soccer and football. TV / Screen hours per day He watch TV for Minimum of 2.5 hours per day Other activities Play with his brother X Box and he go with his father for fishing Nutrition (24 hr recall) Breakfast different cereals corn flakes, coco pops, with fruit apples, bananas. Lunch, also fruit and noodles some times sandwich of hamburger or cheese. Dinner, vegetable soup, bread roll. Intake of sugar and fat could be high. It is hard to say with a one off assessment. Record any other comments made by the child about their general health status He is very good and strongSOCIAL HISTORY People who live at home with the child (do not include names of individuals) Father, Mother, Brothers Sisters. Family activities Sport activities on week end, they do party for his birthday Friends of the child (do not include names of individuals) He said that he have many friends in the schoolNOTE ANY OTHER ACTIVITIES YOU UNDERTAKE WITH THE CHILD Joshoa as I assess him he is healthy boy with good communication when I spoke with him also he have dream to be famous player when he will be old man as he said, and he always try to play and asking questions for many time when we will play with balloon this ga ve me good idea about his health status. Showed good way of engaging with the child.References Allender S, Hutchinson L, Foster C (2008) Life-change events and participation in physical activity a systematic review. Health Promot. Int., June 1, 2008 23 (2) 160 172.Brenner J S, (2007) Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout in Child and Adolescent Athletes. Paediatrics Vol. 119 No. 6 June 2007, pp. 1242 1245Cochrane S H, OHara D, Leslie J. (2000) The effects of education on health Washington, DC World Bank 2000.Crisp, J., Taylor, C 2005, Potter Perrys fundamentals of nursing, edition, Elsevier, Marrickville, Australia. 2005Hillsdon M, Foster C, Thorogood M. (2005) Interventions for Physical Activity (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. Oxford Human Kinetics 2005 pp. 137 59.Hockenberry, M (2005), Wongs essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 7th edn. Mosby, St Louis. 2005Howe and Anderson (2003) Involving patients in medical education. BMJ, Aug 2003 327 326 328.Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R, et al. (2004) Obesity in children and young people a crisis in public health. Obesity Rev 5 supplement, 4 85.Maher E J, Li G, Carter L, Johnson D B. (2008) Preschool Child Care Participation and Obesity at the Start of Kindergarten. Paediatrics Vol. 122 No. 2 August 2008, pp. 322 330Moestue H, Huttly S (2008) Adult education and child nutrition the role of family and community. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2008 62 153 159OKeefe L (2007) Overdoing It in Youth Sports. Journal Watch pediatric medicine and Adolescent Medicine, July 25, 2007 2007 (725) 3 3.Powell K E and Pratt M. (2006) Physical activity and health. Br Med J 2006 313 126 7Zhu H, Yan W, Ge D, Treiber F A,. Harshfield G A, Kapuku G, Snieder H, Dong Y (2008) Relationships of cardiovascular Phenotypes With Healthy Weight, at Risk of Overweight, and Overweight in US Youths. Pediatrics, January 1, 2008 121 (1) 115 122.18.8.08 Word count 2,192 PDG