Boston Beer Company Essay Example for Free

Boston Beer Company Essay

The Supernatural in Macbeth Essay Example for Free

The Supernatural in Macbeth EssayThe eldritch is always a fomite for evil using language and literary techniques, discuss to what extent you agree with this statement in Macbeth with reference to The Weir.Shakespeares philander Macbeth, written in the Jacobean era, and Conor McPhersons play The Weir, set in rural Ireland, both include wizard(prenominal) elements which help the plays progression. However, both plays are near entirely different things Macbeth is a play in which the main feature plots to kill the King, whereas The Weir focuses a lot more on companionship and the importance of a community as intimately as the effects of loneliness. In set 1 Scene 1 of Macbeth, the setting, A desolate step up helps to create an ambiguous and misty atmosphere right from the beginning whilst the weather choice of scag and lightning forewarns the audition of negative events and adds to the sense of equivocation, which is achieved through paradox like when the battles lost, and won. James I himself confided in witches and so did most of society in general so by including the otherworldly, Shakespeare was clearly making the play relevant to his hearing, as they would make believe believed in such matters. The opening interrogative, When shall we three meet again? suggests that the witches are up to something which could be interpreted as the supernatural existence meddlesome, if not evil.The minor declarative Upon the heath come outs the witches making a prediction, alluding to the fact that a Jacobean audience would sire believed in them having certain office staffs. Iambic tetrameter such as And thrice again, to make up nine makes their speech sound chant-like, indicating something unusual about them as their speech contrasts with the blank verse of the another(prenominal) characters.The supernatural first occurs in The Weir when Jack begins his story about Maura Nealons house macrocosm built on what youd treat that road where the fairies wou ld come. The suspension marks highlights Jacks uneasiness when talking about the supernatural, and though he goes on to say that it isnt a true story, it is clear that he is moved by it. Shakespeares use of blank verse in Macbeth links to the dramatic tradition of the time and contrasts with the highly naturalistic style of speech apply by McPherson, such as the interrogative Why not, says you, ha? (Finbar) which helps to portray the Irish vernacular of the characters in the bar, whilst the tag question ha? helps the characters to interact.Banquos interrogative wherefore do you start and seem to fear? in Act 1 Scene 3 suggests that the witches predictions may be ones that Macbeth has already thought about, or desired, before. Here, the supernatural could be considered a vehicle for evil as the scene begins with the witches talking about how they will torture the farmer for his wifes actions. However, their prophecies are somewhat neutral and so it seems that Macbeth acts of his ow n will, rather than committing the murder because of the supernatural.The debate of Fate vs. Free Will was common in the Jacobean era and people believed in witches and such folklore and so their presence could be merely to fulfil audience expectations rather than as a vehicle for evil. The witches simply spot the weakness in Macbeth and let him believe it is his fate, suggesting that they may be evil themselves but dont create evil in others. Banquos question to Macbeth shows how the witches are tempting Macbeth to proceed with an evil course of action that he has already thought about.Similarly, The Weir uses interrogatives but in the form of tag questions such as here, wouldnt it be?. Finbar seems to be seeking reassurance from the other characters which is similar to Macbeth in that Macbeth oft seeks reassurance from Lady Macbeth, highlighting her as the dominant figure in their relationship. Similar to Macbeth, where the setting is upon a heath, the bar in The Weir is situate d in an isolated place, which could be viewed as something typical of a ghost story, allowing a sense of mystery to build up.Declaratives such as which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem/ To have thee crowned withal in Act 1 Scene 5 highlight how Lady Macbeth believes that both fate and the witches want Macbeth to be King and the coercive look like thinnocent flower/ But be the serpent undert gleams how Lady Macbeth herself is portrayed she appears to be innocent and friendly but, as indicated by the contrastive connecter but, she is instead planning treacherous acts, reflecting the plays theme of appearance versus reality. Saying that she will pour her spirits in thine ear suggests that the witches, who are arguably the main supernatural element of the play, lonesome(prenominal) have a limited amount of index finger which they use to their advantage, and that evil actually resides in pityings themselves.Shakespeare seems to be suggesting that everyone is responsible for the actions they take, which could reflect the growing belief in Humanism during the Renaissance. Such references reflect the time in which Shakespeare was writing, as do archaisms such as the second person archaic pronoun thy, which could be expressing Lady Macbeths belief that Macbeth is inferior to her. Shakespeare is withal touching on the theme of appearance versus reality which is clear throughout the play. The serpent could be a reference to Satan in the Garden of Eden, highlighting how sinister and dark Lady Macbeths character really is.Contrastingly, the characters in The Weir do not make both implications of one being more inferior to the other. McPherson use of humour shows irreverence for characters, usually Finbar, such as the interrogative you were making it all up, werent you?. This helps to create a chain of adjacency pairs, allowing the characters to interact, which is central to the plays theme of companionship and to an extent gifts the supernatural as something that shouldnt be taken too seriously. Humour is also used in Macbeth, by the Porter (2.3), which presents itself in a satirical way. Such humour would not be as familiar to a modern day audience as it was to the Jacobean audience, whence many modern directors choose not to include it.Macbeths fatal vision in Act 2 Scene 1 symbolises the bloody course upon which he is about to embark and is part of his fatal flaw which leads to his downfall, as well as presenting the theme of appearance versus reality again. His interrogative, oppugn whether it is a dagger of the mind caused by his heat-oppressed brain highlights his stress and tension, and the use of the premodifying adjective heat-oppressed signifies just how extreme this stress that he is feeling is, as committing regicide is a sin that cant be forgiven.An audience in the Jacobean era would know that Macbeth is about to break the Great Chain of Being and at the resembling time Shakespeare was maintaining the idea of the Divine Right of Kings a doctrine hugely believed in by the Christians of the time. By maintaining this, Shakespeare could be wake King James place in society and suggesting that no one should challenge Kingship. The tragedy therefore has a didactic purpose as it shows the audience what the consequences of such actions would be. The parallel parity of Tarquin violating an innocent emphasizes the extremity of what Macbeth is about to do and the use of opposites, mentioning to heaven or to hell, builds up an antithesis between good and evil and shows his acknowledgement that both exist.The audience is left over(p) to wonder whether the dagger is simply a figment of Macbeths guilty mind, or whether it is being caused by a supernatural force. This could be considered similar to Jims story of Declan Donnelly where he says And wed been having the few little drinks showing how he searches for a loophole in the possibility that the supernatural exists. The fronted coordinating conjunction And c onveys how he is building up reasons to show that the ghost might not have been real and the stage direction of A little laugh highlights his uneasiness. McPherson seems to be suggesting that the supernatural does exist and that humans collect to have beliefs and that it is this need to believe which makes us humans. The slight doubt here would be crucial to a ghost story and to a play being watched by an audience as it would add an air of mystery.In Act 3 Scene 4 dramatic irony such as play the humble host makes Macbeths anterior actions seem even worse as it reminds the audience that Macbeths behaviour is a pretence. Lady Macbeths asides to Macbeth (Are you a man?) along with his responses (Ay, and a bold one) draw attention to her being more partner in their relationship as she questions his masculinity, and portrays her in a negative light by showing she is more concerned with getting caught than feeling guilty. Aristotles idea of Peripeteia could be surfacing in this part of the play as Macbeths fortune is slowly being reversed.Here, the supernatural is perhaps presented in a good way and, from a Freudian point of view, Macbeths repressed feelings seem to be manifesting before his eyes, which is possibly the power of good over evil. Macbeths imperative, telling the ghost to Avaunt and quit his sight highlights the extremity of his current guilt. This is furthered through it also being an exclamatory, and the use of the pronoun my could reflect how solely he feels the guilt, rather than Lady Macbeth also feeling it. The supernatural in this scene could suggest that justice is being served, and Macbeths reaction to the ghost could be his punishment for his previous action.Likewise, in The Weir, the supernatural is portrayed in a positive way as it is used as a source to unite the characters in the pub. This is shown in Finbars comment Valerie, love, nobodys going to. McPhersons use of the contraction nobodys along with the term of endearment love helps to mimic natural speech and also shows how close the characters have become later on having spoken for the night, touching the plays theme of companionship.Hecates use of adjectives such as spiteful and wrathful in Act 3 Scene 5 highlight how she believes Macbeth wasnt worth the trouble, whilst the coordinating conjunction and furthers this notion. The use of rhyming couplets such as illusion/ wonder enforces Hecates power when she shows her displeasure and the pairing of the two abstract nouns suggests that the witches themselves cause confusion which is achieved through an illusion. Shakespeare may have been suggesting that witchcraft isnt capable of evil but can trigger things that have already been thought about (1.3). It is arguable that the witches have overreached, which forms a parallel with Macbeths situation and conforms to Aristotles ideas.This scene is often omitted from productions as it may draw too much focus on the witches, making them seem a central part to Macbeths action, and in turn making free will seem less important. The imperative Get you gone highlights authority over the other two witches and diminishes their power as they are being told off. This implies that the supernatural is not a vehicle for evil, as the witches do not have much power to start with. hostile Macbeth, McPherson shows normal human-beings meddling with the supernatural rather than vice versa. Finbars self mockery, like the low laugh helps the audience watching to see the description as genuine by showing his stifled fear. To balance the sinister atmosphere created by his story about a woman at the piece of tail of the stairs, humour is used such as Luigi board followed by taboo lexis, Ah fuck off, to highlight familiarity between the characters and articulate a lack of refinement as well as a distinct honesty in them.Equivocation in Act 4 Scene 1 such as for none of woman born leads Macbeth to believe he cant be killed, and presents the witches as yet again interf ering. The stage directions, which would be important considering it is a play, show the witches dance, and cut down highlighting some level of power, but doesnt portray them as evil. The apparition of an armed head could symbolize how Macbeth himself will be killed at the end of the play, however, the witches present fate to him in an equivocal and esoteric way.Many references to time are made, such as Time, thou anticipatst my where Macbeth uses the vocative Time to personify it and emphasise how he is in battle with it. The many references to time, also including from this moment and even now indicate how time is of the essence for Macbeth and that he will be killed soon. As well as this, it helps to create irony as Macbeth is actually making decisions, even though they are the wrong ones, which shows that the evil is emanating from a human being.Shakespeare, within the realms of the Jacobean era, was again highlighting the dominance of free will over fate and could have been sh owing that overreaching can lead to social deformation. In this scene, the supernatural is shown to have some level of power, but at the same time the audience is aware that Macbeth is making his own decisions when deciding to have Macduff killed (thou shalt not live).Unlike Macbeth, The Weir does not pay much attention to the matter of man being a responsible agent for his own evil actions. Instead, it presents more positive feelings about humans, such as the barmans gesture of a sandwich is just such a small thing, highlighting how the smallest of actions can have a big impact, and also helps to restore Jacks faith in others.In spite of the many differences between Macbeth and The Weir, it is clear that the supernatural has a pivotal role in both. Overall, I believe that the supernatural is not a vehicle for evil in Macbeth, and that the inclusion of supernatural elements is merely to emphasise how evil resides within each human being themselves, which is emphasised through Shakes peares use of equivocation and also the theme of free will vs. fate. The final effect of the supernatural in Macbeth is that it causes destruction, whereas McPherson uses it to bring the characters together, therefore portraying it as a bonding agent as it gives them a shared experience. The supernatural, such as the witches, in Macbeth, in my opinion are only there to cause mischief and aid the plays progression.In both, the supernatural is far from a vehicle for evil, but could maybe be considered as a vehicle for catharsis as it helps to express the characters inner thoughts and feelings.

Music in Marjane Satrapis Persepolis

Music in Marjane Satrapis PersepolisHow music as a motif illustrates the developments of the central feature in the graphic novel Persepolis 1 and 2.Persepolis a well acknowledged work by Marjane Satrapi represents the protagonists keep.Persepolis represents music as a way to limn ones feeling and character. It depictsthe alteration of taste of music of the central character throughout Persepolis. It shows how music helps in blending the personality of the author. This essay forget discover how music as a motif developed the central character throughout the work.To begin with, music is much much than a inauguration of entertainment for Marji. In the oppres ripple atmosphere of with all the restrictions in place it was a source of relief. It helped the source to connect with the western orb and express herself. It helped the generator in expressing her thoughts in every situation which came up to her. The authors joy, sorrow, enjoyment were all expressed through music. The j ourney of music began right from her childhood. The first moving picture to music was in the form of Pink Floyd. This is proven by the writer when she quotes I knew Pink Floyd my parents listened to them whenever we went on a trip (186 Satrapi). Pink Floyd has an American breed and they sing rock music. Rock music a symbol of aggression and Pink Floyd connotes that. The impact of Rock music on the writer was seen as the aim of aggression in her started to rise. It made her react to situations aggressively. It also shows her penchant for the music and the impact of the music on her emotional state and behaviour. This also leads to the development of the writers character over time.The music in her life kept on budding. Musicians like BEE GEES did not had a great impact in her life as she was more influenced by other musicians which were present during that time. The presence of BEE GEES is proved through event where her maids boyfriend is seen to be wearing BEE GEES shirt (37 Sa trapi). BEE GEES were an American pop music group. It symbolized the pop culture. Pop culture stands for all the unconventional practises and it motive is to go a inducest the rules. This shows that at that time other teens were attracted to pop music whereas the writer had a liking for rock music. This makes us realize the state of mind of the writer at a young age. The musicians in writers life kept on approaching writers life as she grew up. KIM WILDE and MICHAEL JACKSON (131 Satrapi) were the ones who next came into the authors music life. Kim Wilde was a pop singer. She gave the world a series of pop music. Marji considered her as an inspiring figure. It is shown through when the writer looks at KIM WILDES poster and trying to replicate her (131 Satrapi). The writer wanted to sing like her, dance like her, look like her in short she was an idol to her. Kim Wilde influenced the writer to the most extent more than any other singers. Michael capital of Mississippi also known as th e king of pop also has given a great number of pop hits. Michael Jackson himself promotes the idea of breaking the rules which the writer followed to a great extent.Writers liking towards Michael Jackson is shown through the instance where she wears the Michael Jackson badge (131 Satrapi).Life with restrictions was not writers cup of teatime and she always wanted to live her life to the fullest. There was one more musician who influenced Marjane was IRON MAIDEN. Iron Maiden the group has an American origin too. It brought unsounded coat songs to the people which were well recognized throughout the world. Heavy metal songs were a symbol of high level of aggression. It led to an increase of aggression in her. The one and only thing which is similar in all the singers that they all belonged to the western world. There is no mention of Iranian music throughout the retain which signifies the attraction of the writer towards the western world. The writer always dreamt of living in a we stern country and through the western music she tried to gain a temporary sense of satisfaction. It made her express her emotions. These instances led to a change in the character of the writer.The singers and the musicians nature influence the writer in each and every decision of her life. In order to begin with, each singers style of singing and there personality had a different impact on writer. Iron Maidens heavy metal songs increased the level of aggression in the writer. It made Marjane deal with situations more aggressively. Whereas Michael Jacksons motive of breaking the rules and achieving freedom is seen through her behaviour and the actions which writer takes. This is proved through the instance where writer wears a denim jacket and a Michael Jackson badge in spite of it being prohibited (131 Satrapi).Kim Wilde influenced Marji the most as compared to other singers. In the difficult atmosphere of Iran the music of Kim Wilde was a source of relief, through which Marjane c ould express her sentiments and her emotions which were subdued by the Islamic rule. The liking for Kim Wilde is proved when she sings were the kids in America (132 Satrapi) when she is walking on the streets. This shows her fondness towards the Kim Wilde. The character of these singers evinces the inner personality of the writer and shows the complete development of the writer, as she moves from heavy metal to pop music which implies a change from violence to unconventional practices.The writers choice of music has always changed as she moved from her adolescence to adulthood. In her young age she likes to listen to Iron Maiden, Kim Wilde and Michael Jackson. These various artists bring a split set of emotions to authors life. On one hand where Iron Maiden brings aggression, on the other hand Michael Jackson and Kim Wilde motivate her to live life without restrictions. They are a source of expressing her emotions for the writer. Kim Wilde especially inspire her and becomes an idol to the author. But these emotions were limited to her young age. When writer returns from Austria she has liking only for pop music leftover in her. This is proved through the instance when the author desires to hear the songs of Kim Wilde (250 Satrapi).Her stay in abroad had made her forget all the rock and heavy metal songs. This shows that the tough moments which came up to her in Austria made her realize what music really meant to her. The writer tends to forget the singers which influenced the writer most in her adolescence. This is proved through the instance where she states that In any case I no longer liked the idols of my adolescence(251 Satrapi).The author wishes to listen pop music which clearly states that she still wants the freedom exactly the aggression in her has disappeared over time. The change in her taste of music also has led to her growth. The young age aggression had been downcast and there was a development of maturity in her. This shows how music led to the development of the writer. It stimulated the change from adolescence to adulthood which signifies the importance of music in her life.Author-Marjane SatrapiTitle-PersepolisTranslated by- published by- VintagePublished year-2008

Healthy Nutrition for a Child

Healthy Nutrition for a ChildHealth Intervention PlanA) Brief sum-up of concerns astir(predicate) the infants wellness and well- universe.An overview of Joshua would conclude that he is essentially a healthy six year white-haired son. Apart from being unsure on an initial encounter, all his interactions and physical indices appear to be within normal limits. There were no obvious concerns about his developmental stage. He appeared to pile appropriately. He lives with both parents and two siblings and communicates appropriately for his age.NutritionNutrition (24 hr recall) Breakfast different cereals corn flakes, coco pops, with fruit apples, bananas. Lunch, also fruit and noodles whatsoever times sandwich of hamburger or cheese. Dinner, vegetable soup, bread roll. expenditure of sugar and fat could be high.Nutrition is a major issue for umteen school churlren. It is not possible to say, as the result of a brief interview with Joshua, whether or not his common diet is a c ause for concern. He clearly is not obese and appears to produce an appropriate weight for his height. One can use his reported 24 hr inhalant as a discussion point. It can be seen that his diet is certainly varied, with fruit, some roughage and some protein (albeit probably processed). There is a suspicion that he has an excessive intake of carbohydrate and fat. If these suspicions build been raised, so it would be sensible to investigate them fully with interviews with the parents to establish whether further empowerment and education of parents and child might be appropriate. (Crisp, J et al. 2005)Sporting strategiesThe report refers to Joshuas sporting ambitions. While there is every merit in encouraging Joshua to indulge in sport for both general fitness and development, one has to consider the possibility of injury and overuse damage that can occur in the pre-pubertal child who over-exercises in the hope of achieving his goal of being a original footballer. One can identi fy the fact that talking about an area of cheer such as sport can give ear to engage the child and break down emf communication barriers, the nurse can also use the opportunity to present and discuss factors which are relevant to the childs health and can be worked into the context of the childs favourite sporting activity.B) Strategies to address no more than two of these health concerns.Nutrition.The key to a changing a childs nutrition is to target the parents. (Hockenberry, M 2005). On one level this may seem all in all obvious, solely there are deeper repercussions to this statement. The implications of this comment will be discussed in the next segment. An appropriate strategy to tackle the puzzle is jumply to define Joshuas diet with a greater degree of certainty to ascertain if a problem actually exists. This could be done in a number of ways. intelligibly one could ask him on a daily basis about his eating habits for that day. This might be reasonably accurate but wou ld be dispiritedly inefficient. A better strategy might be to ask to see the parents and discuss the matter at some length with them. If there was every doubt, then one could ask for a food diary to be kept over a period of two weeks. One would invite to be aware(predicate) that this mechanism is capable of manipulation by the parents, but may leave behind a basis for discussion.The nurse should be able to make a staple fibre assessment of the situation and if there is any doubt then an appointment with the community dietician might help to resolve the problem. In any event, if concerns have been raised, then it is the nurses responsibility to monitor the childs weight and plot it on a centile chart to document any monumental change. Any significant deviations from the normal should suppositionlly be referred to the primary healthcare team.SportsThis is not an easy area in the pre-pubertal child. The evidence presented for Joshua does not invoke any problem. As a discussion p oint however, one can consider the fact that healthcare professionals have to tread a narrow way between encouraging a healthy interest in sport, which can help both body and mind develop properly, and allowing a particular interest in a particular aspect of sport to cause maldevelopment. This latter consideration can either come from a child (who may have some form of associated obsessive illness) or, more frequently from the parents who may have views about pushing the child to achieve. This can have repercussions not only in overuse syndromes, but in psychological issues relating to over-control and overt bullying.An appropriate strategy would be to firstly define the problem with interviews with both the child and their parents. If a problem is believed to exist, then it may simply require advice and guidance for the parents from various healthcare professionals in the primary healthcare team. Specific overuse injuries may require specialized interventions. It has to be noted that this is not a common problem, but if it is defined, then it should be taken seriously as the repercussions may have a significant impact on the childs development.C The use of a wide selection of literature no more than 5 years old, to provide a rationale (justification) for each strategy. You are expected to reference this section.Nutrition.In general terms, the parents (and sometimes the school) are responsible for the provision of an adequate diet for the child, but the literature is full of examples of how maladaptive practices in parents can have quite marked clinical implications for the childs health.A very recent theme by Moestue has studied the link between a childs nutritional status and the parental educational level (Moestue H et al. 2008). The nutritional set that the mother has been brought with up largely determines how she will feed her family. To a large extent this is independent of the familys financial means although the latter may have an adverse impact i f it is very low. (Cochrane S H et al. 2000).Obesity is perhaps the most common form of malnutrition and its incidence in developed countries is increasing at an alarming rate. (Maher E J et al. 2008). It is observed that obese parents tend to have obese children. This linkage may not simply be a genetical predisposition (although there is a strong genetic element) but the feeding habits of the mother (in particular) tend to be perpetuated in the child. (Lobstein T et al. 2004). To successfully tackle potential obesity in childhood has a number of positive effects in adulthood. The child who is obese will tend to be an obese stripling and an obese adult. This will increase the chances of Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and some types of cancer. Reducing the childs BMI to non-obese levels will reduce their dexterity to these eventualities. (Zhu H et al. 2008)In terms of tackling this problem, many authorities point to the fact that empowerment and education of the parents is the key to providing children with good eating habits. (Howe J et al. 2004). If these are launch in childhood then they are more likely to persist throughout life. Such a remit may be beyond a simple intervention from the school nurse, but involvement of the multidisciplinary primary healthcare team may help in this respect.SportThis essay has highlighted the balance ask between a healthy attitude to sport and overindulgence. Although the latter is unusual in this age group, when it happens it can have severe consequences. (Brenner J S, 2007). The reason wherefore this is a particular problem in this age group is the fact that the pre-pubertal child has bones and ligaments which are still growing, as such they cannot handle as much stress as adult bones. Children can get injuries which do not occur in adult life. The growing ends of bone (the ephyisis) can wrick detached or distorted resulting in abnormal growth. (OKeefe L, 2007). The commonest source of such problems in thi s age group is parental pressure and expectation. Some parents have alone unrealistic expectations for their children. Others simply want to let the child have opportunities that perhaps they never had and, however misguidedly, push them too hard into sporting activities.The healthcare professional has to be careful not to allow concerns relating to overuse problems to completely dissuade children from sporting activities. Some degree of physical exercise is vital, not only for the childs physical development, but also to develop habits which are essential for health in future life. (Allender S et al. 2008). This is particularly important in the child who is overweight and who, if this overweight is maintained into adult life, would be at greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (Hillsdon M et al. 2005).Sports participation also back up development in a number of other, more subtle ways. It can encourage the ability to work in a team and also encourages self-reliance. competito ry instincts can also be developed with participation in many sporting activities. (Powell K E et al. 2006)Appendix 1Childs first name Joshua Age Six Years School Fisk Street Primary School Gender MalePHYSICAL ASSESSMENT Height 121 Weight 22 BMI 15.2 Temperature 36.8 Pulse 102 respiration 28 Oral health All teeth are in good condition. How could you tell? What was the state of the gums? DEVELOPMENT Speech He spoke very clearly/ but at the beginning he was shy and this is normal in his age. Was the voice hoarse, loud or soft? interaction with the assessor Good level of interaction with assessor. HEALTH HISTORY Sleep pattern There are no sleep problems indicated. He sleeps from 830 pm to 600am Sports / Physical Activities On the weekend and some time after school activities are Soccer and football. TV / Screen hours per day He watch TV for Minimum of 2.5 hours per day Other activities Play with his brother X Box and he go with his father for fishing Nutrition (24 hr recall) Breakfast different cereals corn flakes, coco pops, with fruit apples, bananas. Lunch, also fruit and noodles some times sandwich of hamburger or cheese. Dinner, vegetable soup, bread roll. Intake of sugar and fat could be high. It is hard to say with a one off assessment. Record any other comments made by the child about their general health status He is very good and strongSOCIAL HISTORY People who live at home with the child (do not include names of individuals) Father, Mother, Brothers Sisters. Family activities Sport activities on week end, they do party for his birthday Friends of the child (do not include names of individuals) He said that he have many friends in the schoolNOTE ANY OTHER ACTIVITIES YOU UNDERTAKE WITH THE CHILD Joshoa as I assess him he is healthy boy with good communication when I spoke with him also he have dream to be famous player when he will be old man as he said, and he always try to play and asking questions for many time when we will play with balloon this ga ve me good idea about his health status. Showed good way of engaging with the child.References Allender S, Hutchinson L, Foster C (2008) Life-change events and participation in physical activity a systematic review. Health Promot. Int., June 1, 2008 23 (2) 160 172.Brenner J S, (2007) Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout in Child and Adolescent Athletes. Paediatrics Vol. 119 No. 6 June 2007, pp. 1242 1245Cochrane S H, OHara D, Leslie J. (2000) The effects of education on health Washington, DC World Bank 2000.Crisp, J., Taylor, C 2005, Potter Perrys fundamentals of nursing, edition, Elsevier, Marrickville, Australia. 2005Hillsdon M, Foster C, Thorogood M. (2005) Interventions for Physical Activity (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. Oxford Human Kinetics 2005 pp. 137 59.Hockenberry, M (2005), Wongs essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 7th edn. Mosby, St Louis. 2005Howe and Anderson (2003) Involving patients in medical education. BMJ, Aug 2003 327 326 328.Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R, et al. (2004) Obesity in children and young people a crisis in public health. Obesity Rev 5 supplement, 4 85.Maher E J, Li G, Carter L, Johnson D B. (2008) Preschool Child Care Participation and Obesity at the Start of Kindergarten. Paediatrics Vol. 122 No. 2 August 2008, pp. 322 330Moestue H, Huttly S (2008) Adult education and child nutrition the role of family and community. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2008 62 153 159OKeefe L (2007) Overdoing It in Youth Sports. Journal Watch pediatric medicine and Adolescent Medicine, July 25, 2007 2007 (725) 3 3.Powell K E and Pratt M. (2006) Physical activity and health. Br Med J 2006 313 126 7Zhu H, Yan W, Ge D, Treiber F A,. Harshfield G A, Kapuku G, Snieder H, Dong Y (2008) Relationships of cardiovascular Phenotypes With Healthy Weight, at Risk of Overweight, and Overweight in US Youths. Pediatrics, January 1, 2008 121 (1) 115 122.18.8.08 Word count 2,192 PDG

Laser Hair Removal: Strategies, Types and Uses

Laser Hair Removal Strategies, Types and UsesTest patch 10, 19A shield patch is performed by many physicians before execute the actual fist sitting of the mapping. A test patch is usually d unmatchable on two or three different spots exploitation different parameters. This helps in physicians evaluation of the ideal intercession parameters and pain threshold for an individual case and also gives an idea to the patient slightly the unconscious process and the associated discomfort. This helps in reassuring the patient about the procedure. The patient is called after 72-96 hrs to assess the development of any delayed adverse cause and if there is no adverse sequel, the procedure bath be started immediately. The energy density that is required in the first sitting is the one that caused a perifollicuar erythema and edema in the test spot. 30 However, a test patch may not always be feasible and is as such not recommended in all cases. It may be considered important in voiceles s to treat scene of actions and in patients who be apprehensive.Laser precautionIt is paramount to observe safety precautions in all cases. This includes laser safety precautions and personnel safety precautions. These have been listed in box 3Box3 Laser Safety Guidelines 19Treatment Protocol 19,21Pat should be asked to wash the treatment area with soap and water to remove any grease, dust or make up. Pre treatment photograph should be interpreted. The area to be lased should be marked with a white skin marking pencil. Figure 38.8 Topical anaesthesia or ice cubes can be used to make the patient more comfortable during the procedure especially, if the patient is apprehensive or experienced pain during the test patch. The tomentum on the treatment area should be trimmed to the skin with the help of an electric trimmer or shaved with a disposable laser just prior to the procedure. The residual cop step-up should not be more than 1mm -3mm. If the hair is stuck on the skin surf ace after shaving, these can be removed with the help of a micropore tape. The exact parameters to be used should be determined establish on the test patch result or on basis of the skin and hair type of the patient. Prior to starting the procedure, it is important to recheck the parameters fed in to the system. Make a final check on the safety measures prior to starting the procedure as mentioned in box 3. It is especially important to avow that all personnel in the treatment zone are wearing safety goggles. The patient should be informed before firing the laser. The hand tack together should be kept perpendicular to the skin surface with firm but gentle compress and there should be deal contact of the hand morsel with skin. In case of areas such the mandibular edge, where complete contact in not likely the skin should be pulled towards the flat surface, e.g. cheek, to effect a complete contact. The pressure should be enough to reduce the capillary blood point and push the h air follicles towards the skin surface. All areas should be treated in a single sitting. The complete area should be covered by proper placing of the handpeice with not more than 10% overlap of the treatment area. Care should be taken that the same area is not lased more than once which can lead to development of adverse effects. Care should also be taken to lase the entire treatment area and not leave behind untreated spots . This can lead to development of patchy hair growth. A treatment grid may be used to prevent these errors. Adequate cooling during the procedures can be achieved by using cool air sources or immediate application of ice packs on the treated area by an assistant. The recent equipments come equipped with cryosprays or precooled sapphire tips for intraprocedure cooling. Development of dusky discolouration or swell formation indicates incorrect parameters and these should be immediately rectified or the procedure should be stopped. Certain difficult to treat areas require special care. These are mentioned in box 4. After completing the procedure the patient should be asked to apply ice packs to reduce pain and edema. At the end of procedure a sunscreen cream is applied on the treated area. The procedure details should be immediately noted and this should include the patient details and skin and hair type, procedure details including date/ time, photograph record, fluence, pulse width and cooling method used and lastly the record of any untoward incident should be noted. behave procedure care at home should be explained and this should include avoidance of light or hot water bags on the area for at to the lowest degree 24-48 hours, using mild soap and pat drying the treated area and in case if there is a blister formation or any former(a) adverse effect, patient should be advised to apply an antibiotic ointment and inform the treating physician.Box 4 Laser hair remotion in difficult to treat areasAdverse effects with Laser hair removal 30Mo st complications are mild and transient such as pain erythema and edema. Sometimes piffling thermal burns may be seen. Figure 38.9 and 38.10 These are generally caused due to wrong parameter settings, physician error during procedures, lack of adequate safety measures and pathetic sun protection by the patient. Table 6 lists the complications during a laser hair removal procedure and its management. Apart from these certain uncommon adverse effects are possible which the clinician should be aware of. Paradoxical hair growth is seen in 0.6% to 10% of patients treated as per data available from different studies. 30. The possible etiology is the stimulation of vellus hair to form terminal hairs by the low fluences in the areas near to the treatment zones. Another surmise is the synchronisation of the hair growth cycle to form terminal anagen hair from the dormant hair follicles. 57 Darker skin types III-VI skin types and patients with Hirsutism seem to be more prone to develop co nflicting hair growth. Continued laser treatment of the affected area is the treatment for the paradoxical hair growth. Persistent severe urticaria has been reported in a number of patients after laser epilation. Some authors believe it to be due to the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the ruptured hair follicular antigen. 58. Nd YAG Laser treatment of alary hair has been reported to cause persistent hyperhidrosis. This is possibly due to the stimulatory effect of laser on the hair follicle. 59. Premature hair greying and ingrowing hair are slightly other complications reported. 30Table 6 complications and its management during laser removalWhats New in Laser Hair removal?Newer devices are focusing on faster treatments with better patient experience. Devices with pneumatic skin flattening (PSF) help in reducing pain by working on the gate theory of pain reduction. This theory states that on stimulation of the non-nociceptive nerves, signal transmission of pain is reduced. The device suction in the skin that has to be treated and this suction pressure on the skin stimulates the tactile nerve endings that reduces pain sensation transmission. This also helps in bringing the target chromophore closer to the laser window and reduces capillary flow which helps in optimising the treatment as has been explained above illustration 38.4. 30 SHR technology is another improvement that uses low fluence with rapidly delivered pulses (5-10Hz) and higher average energy. This necessitates the use of sextuple passes to build the incumbent energy but is faster and has a better patient experience. Another development for performing rapid treatments is computer controlled laser scanner mirrors. These help in automatically placing the laser beam in a perfect non-sequential pattern over a larger skin area. 60. The technology helps in treating larger areas of mingled sizes by automatically addressing the issues of correct beam placement.Miscellaneous pearls in laser hair rem oval procedureThe procedure of laser hair removal can be optimised by matching the patient and his correct parameters. Table 7 describes the ideal parameters for various skin and hair typesTable 7 Laser parameters establish on skin and hair characteristicsAs the hair structure changes from thick terminal hair to thin vellus hair, the laser parameters need to be changed to a smaller spot size. Hence a different laser may be needed as the therapy proceeds. Concurrent use of multiple laser wavelengths could have a synergistic effect and this involve to be probed further. Treatment grids are very helpful to prevent skip areas especially when a large area needs to be lased. Some patients may not respond to the therapy. In these cases, changing the wavelength may be helpful.ConclusionLaser hair removal remains one of the most commonly availed laser populations. The results post therapy are very gratifying. The learning curve with lasers for hair removal is not as steep as with some othe r indications. It is important not to be very aggressive, since that can lead to adverse effects. Newer technologies minimize pain and the treatment duration time. Home hair removal systems may prove to be a an essential aid in every house hold in the near future especially since the footing are reducing and the newer technologies have made these equipments significantly effective. It is important to keep a standard operating protocol and following it diligently to reduce induced complications.SummaryHair has a lot of aesthetic value irrespective of age and gender. There is a decreased quality of life in rough-haired patients. The laser equipments work in the wavelength range of 600-1100nm. Lasers act through the principle of selective photothermolysis and target the melanin but hair reduction occurs by the transfer of heat to the stem cells which are located in the bulge and the hair papillae. This works on the extended theory of selective photothermolysis. The parameters that h ave to be monitored for optimal therapy are the wavelength, fluence and the pulse width. Multiple equipments are available for hair reduction such as diode, alexandrite, Long pulse Nd YAG and IPL Home use laser hair removal devices are now available but are expensive at present. The commonest indication for hair removal is hypertrichosis in a female, however multiple other indications can be corrected by laser hair removal. Patient assessment includes detailed history and examination. An informed consent should be taken prior to the procedure. The actual procedure is nearly the same with all machines with few subtle differences. Most adverse effects are iatrogenic and following a strict protocol helps in ameliorating these complications. Newer technologies are making the procedure faster and pain free.

The Philosophical Investigations Essay examples -- Philosophy Philosop

The Philosophical InvestigationsABSTRACT The Philosophical Investigations is an inherently pedagogical work. Wittgenstein birdsongs throughout his afterward writings to be teaching a method and this method is both philosophical and pedagogical. It is the claim of this paper that if we do not take Wittgensteins methodological claim seriously, we do not engage with the text in the manner for which it was written. Consequently, we begin and end in the wrong places and the text becomes (in the words of Wittgenstein) variously misunderstood, more or slight mangled and watered-down. 1 is philosophically and pedagogically complex. It presents the philosophical problems to which Wittgenstein will respond in the text which follows and it also, significantly, presents their solution. An investigation of the philosophical and pedagogical questions raised in the outset remark of the Investigations will demonstrate that we have not yet begun to use Wittgensteins method and his writings to the ir full potential. The Philosophical Investigations is an inherently pedagogical work. Wittgenstein claims throughout his ulterior writings to be teaching a method, and this method is both philosophical and pedagogical. According to Moore and Fann he remarked to the effect that it did not matter whether his results were true or not, what mattered was that a method had been found (Moore 1993 113). During the 1930s Wittgenstein also described the Investigations as a textbook a textbook, however, not in that it provides knowledge (Wissen), but rather in that it stimulates view (Denken). (1) He claimed that the remarks which he wrote enabled him to teach philosophy well. (2) Although generally acknowledged within the secondary literature, these me... ...hers.Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1968) Philosophical Investigations, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe, Oxford Basil Blackwell.__________ (1969) The Blue and Brown Books Preliminary Studies for the Philosophical Investigations, Oxford Basil Blackwel l.__________ (1980) market-gardening and Value, explosive detection system. G. H. von Wright and H. Nyman, trans. P. Winch, Oxford Basil Blackwell.__________ (1982) Wittgensteins Lectures 1932-1935, ed. Alice Ambrose, Oxford Basil Blackwell.__________ (1988) Wittgensteins Lectures on Philosophical Psychology 1967-47, ed. P. T. Geach, London Harvester Wheatsheaf.__________ (1993) Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951, eds J. Klagge and A. Nordman, Cambridge Hackett Publishing Company.__________ (1993) Philosophy in Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951, eds J. Klagge and A. Nordman, Cambridge Hackett Publishing Company.

Flaming on the Internet :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Flaming on the Internet   Youre sitting in front of your computer, checking your email deal you do everyday. This time, however, you get an email from someone whose appoint you dont recognize. Your curious nature getting the best of you, you click on it and see this   Guess what Im a muliebrity, and Im sending you e-mail. I must be able to exercising a computer. I also do not take a herd of women into the restroom with me. Women do not do that. Men just like to think that we do. Who do you think you are exactly? Guess what I know exactly what you are. You are a pitiful, pathetic excuse for a human being of poor white trailer trash man whose angry because hes an ignorant, chauvinist little prick who can not bribe a decent, intelligent woman into coming within a mile of him and has to resort to cheap, stupid whores to keep him company.   What exactly is this? Its a flame, of course, courtesy of Flaming on the Net. Susan Herring in her strive entitled Bri nging Familiar Baggage to the New Frontier defines flaming as the expression of strong, negative emotion, use of derogatory, obscene, or inappropriate language, and personal insults (149). The flame shown in a higher place is only one of several different types that are exchanged over the Internet.   According to The Wall Street Journal, the Net is growing at the estimated rate of two million novices each month (Sandberg). Thus, the potential increase in flaming as more and more people log on is obviously a problem. However, are there any benefits to this phenomenon? As the debate rages on, my opinion on the matter is that flaming is not the action one should take because it is more painful than not.   On the one hand, the argument stands that flaming does indeed prove itself as an asset. One such instance is to curb scammers. Scammers view the Internet as a cheap avenue to reach millions of people and, by misleading them, making money off of their deception. For example, companies throughout the globe sell their products over the Internet. Not everyone, however, is able to discern which company is reputable and which is not, which allows for an individual to be taken in by a great offer.